USACO 2012 February Contest, Silver Division
Problem 2. Cow IDs
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Problem 2: Cow IDs [Brian Dean, 2012]
Being a secret computer geek, Farmer John labels all of his cows with
binary numbers. However, he is a bit superstitious, and only labels cows
with binary numbers that have exactly K "1" bits (1 <= K <= 10). The
leading bit of each label is always a "1" bit, of course. FJ assigns
labels in increasing numeric order, starting from the smallest possible
valid label -- a K-bit number consisting of all "1" bits. Unfortunately,
he loses track of his labeling and needs your help: please determine the
Nth label he should assign (1 <= N <= 10^7).
PROBLEM NAME: cowids
INPUT FORMAT:
* Line 1: Two space-separated integers, N and K.
SAMPLE INPUT (file cowids.in):
7 3
INPUT DETAILS:
Among all binary numbers containing exactly 3 "1" bits, FJ wants to output
the 7th in increasing sorted order.
SAMPLE OUTPUT (file cowids.out):
10110
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