USACO 2022 US Open Contest, Platinum
Problem 3. Up Down Subsequence
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Farmer John's $N$ cows ($2 \leq N \leq 3\cdot 10^5$), conveniently numbered $1 \ldots N$ as usual, have ordered themselves according to a permutation $p_1,p_2,\ldots,p_N$ of $1\ldots N$. You are also given a string of length $N-1$ consisting of the letters U and D. Please find the maximum $K\le N-1$ such that there exists a subsequence $a_0,a_1,\ldots,a_{K}$ of $p$ such that for all $1\le j\le K$, $a_{j - 1} < a_j$ if the $j$th letter in the string is U, and $a_{j - 1} > a_j$ if the $j$th letter in the string is D.
INPUT FORMAT (input arrives from the terminal / stdin):
The first line contains $N$.The second line contains $p_1,p_2,\ldots,p_N$.
The last line contains the string.
OUTPUT FORMAT (print output to the terminal / stdout):
Write out maximum possible value of $K$.SAMPLE INPUT:
5 1 5 3 4 2 UDUD
SAMPLE OUTPUT:
4
We can choose $[a_0,a_1,a_2,a_3,a_4]=[p_1,p_2,p_3,p_4,p_5]$; the entire permutation is consistent with the string.
SAMPLE INPUT:
5 1 5 3 4 2 UUDD
SAMPLE OUTPUT:
3
We can choose $[a_0,a_1,a_2,a_3]=[p_1,p_3,p_4,p_5]$.
SCORING:
- Test cases 3-4 satisfy $N\le 500$.
- Test cases 5-8 satisfy $N\le 5000$.
- In test cases 9-12, the string consists of Us followed by Ds.
- Test cases 13-22 satisfy no additional constraints.
Problem credits: Danny Mittal